Healthy Diets Like the Mediterranean Diet Are Tied to Better Cellular Aging

Summary

Following a diet rich in fruits, veg­eta­bles, and whole grains while lim­it­ing sugar and processed meat can pro­mote health­ier cel­lu­lar aging in women and reduce the risk of chronic dis­eases. Researchers eval­u­ated nearly 5,000 healthy adults and found that diets empha­siz­ing fruits, veg­eta­bles, whole grains, and plant-based pro­tein were asso­ci­ated with longer telom­ere length, par­tic­u­larly in women.

Researchers found eat­ing a diet rich in fruits, veg­eta­bles and whole grains but lim­ited in sugar and processed meat pro­moted health­ier cel­lu­lar aging in women. Participants who fol­lowed the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and sim­i­lar eat­ing plans also had a reduced risk of chronic dis­eases.

“The key take­away is that fol­low­ing a healthy diet can help us main­tain healthy cells and avoid cer­tain chronic dis­eases,” said lead author Cindy Leung, assis­tant pro­fes­sor of nutri­tional sci­ences at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. ​“Emphasis should be placed on improv­ing the over­all qual­ity of your diet rather than empha­siz­ing indi­vid­ual foods or nutri­ents.”

In the research pub­lished in the American Journal of Epidemiology, the sci­en­tists used telom­ere length to assess cel­lu­lar aging. Telomeres are struc­tures at the end of chro­mo­somes that pro­tect DNA. The aging process short­ens them more than any other fac­tor, but behav­ioral, psy­cho­log­i­cal and envi­ron­men­tal fac­tors have a short­en­ing influ­ence as well. Shorter telom­eres are linked to a higher risk of type 2 dia­betes, heart dis­ease and cer­tain can­cers.

Leung and the research team eval­u­ated the diets of nearly 5,000 healthy adults. They noted the par­tic­i­pants’ scores relat­ing to their con­sump­tion of four nutri­tious eat­ing plans, includ­ing the MedDiet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and two other high-qual­ity diets devel­oped by health experts.

Analysis of the data showed a dif­fer­ence between gen­ders on the effect of healthy diets on telom­eres. For women, higher scores on each of the four diets were sig­nif­i­cantly linked to longer telom­ere length. While the link was noted in men, it wasn’t sta­tis­ti­cally sig­nif­i­cant.

“We were sur­prised that the find­ings were con­sis­tent regard­less of the diet qual­ity index we used,” said Leung. ​“All four diets empha­size eat­ing plenty of fruits, veg­eta­bles, whole grains and plant-based pro­tein and lim­it­ing con­sump­tion of sugar, sodium and red and processed meat. Overall, the find­ings sug­gest that fol­low­ing these guide­lines is asso­ci­ated with longer telom­ere length and reduces the risk of major chronic dis­ease.”

What could account for the dif­fer­ence between gen­ders? According to Leung, ear­lier stud­ies show that men tend to have lower diet qual­ity than women, as they con­sume sug­ary bev­er­ages and processed meats more fre­quently.

Olive Oil Times spoke with Sara Wilbur of the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, a researcher whose work focuses on telom­ere dynam­ics. She explained that the rela­tion­ship between a healthy diet and telom­ere length is prob­a­bly tied in with the con­tent of antiox­i­dants and omega‑3 fatty acids.

“Although this is still an area of active research, the rela­tion­ship is likely linked to oxida­tive stress. Because oxida­tive stress has a short­en­ing effect on telom­eres, eat­ing foods rich in antiox­i­dants can counter this action, thus help­ing pre­serve telom­ere length. In addi­tion, research shows that diets high in omega‑3 polyun­sat­u­rated fatty acids are cor­re­lated with telom­ere length­en­ing.”

• American Journal of Epidemiology


• University of Michigan School of Public Health