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“Egypt is going to become a major pro­ducer of olive oil in the future,” Khalil Nas­ral­lah, the vice pres­i­dent for busi­ness excel­lence at Wadi Food, told Olive Oil Times. ​“Right now we are well-known for our table olives, but soon we will be for our olive oil too. That will change.”

The Giza-based com­pany was the first extra vir­gin olive oil pro­ducer in Egypt and, over the past quar­ter-cen­tury, has arguably become the most suc­cess­ful olive oil brand in the coun­try.

“We were the first to put olive oil on the shelves and the first to sell it to restau­rants and hotels,” Nas­ral­lah said. ​“Peo­ple know us and they know the stan­dards that we work with are trust­wor­thy, so they don’t mind pay­ing a lit­tle extra.”

At the 2020 edi­tion of the NYIOOC World Olive Oil Com­pe­ti­tion, Wadi Food won three Gold Awards. The com­pany is the only Egypt­ian brand to be awarded at the world’s most pres­ti­gious olive oil qual­ity com­pe­ti­tion.

This unprece­dented suc­cess for an Egypt­ian pro­ducer on the inter­na­tional stage was not exactly planned. The company’s inter­est in pro­duc­ing olive oil only came about as they tried to solve a prob­lem related to their main busi­ness: poul­try.

“We started pro­duc­ing olive oil in 1994,” Nas­ral­lah said. ​“We are orig­i­nally poul­try pro­duc­ers, rais­ing baby chick­ens to sell to poul­try farm­ers.”

How­ever, the only place where it is pos­si­ble to raise poul­try in Egypt is in one of the country’s mas­sive deserts. This is the only part of Egypt where it is pos­si­ble to buy suf­fi­cient land to set up the farms.

“By Egypt­ian law, you have to plant the area between poul­try farms [roughly 2,000 feet] or you can­not own the land, so we looked into dif­fer­ent crops that would grow well in the dry ter­rain and would not attract birds [which spread the dis­ease to the chicks],” he said. ​“Plant­ing olive trees turned out to be the best choice.”

“At the time, we did some research and we saw Egypt was a very low pro­ducer and con­sumer of olive oil,” Nas­ral­lah added. ​“The con­sump­tion of olive oil was insignif­i­cant. We thought that this could be an oppor­tu­nity for us, so we planted some oil olive vari­eties along with our table olive vari­eties.”

By 1994, Egypt­ian pro­duc­ers were har­vest­ing, at most, 1,000 tons of olive oil each year, accord­ing to data from the Inter­na­tional Olive Coun­cil.

Fast for­ward 25 years, to 2019, and Egypt­ian pro­duc­ers har­vested 27,500 tons of olive oil, mak­ing the North African coun­try the ninth-largest pro­ducer in the world. Of that total, Wadi Food was respon­si­ble for about 800 tons, more than two per­cent of the coun­try’s total pro­duc­tion.

In spite of the good show­ing at the 2020 NYIOOC, Nas­ral­lah said that the 2019 har­vest was full of obsta­cles for the com­pany, which pro­duces up to 1,300 tons of olive oil in a good year. These com­pounded the annual chal­lenges of pro­duc­ing olive oil in Egyp­t’s expan­sive West­ern Desert.

“For some vari­eties it was an off year, but we had a heat wave in the flow­er­ing sea­son and that impacted some vari­eties more than oth­ers,” Nas­ral­lah said. ​“The olive vari­eties that set fruit before the heat­wave were fine, but the ones that were still bloom­ing were affected.”

Nor­mally, Wadi Food’s 4,200 acres of olive groves have flow­ered before the hot weather comes to Egypt’s West­ern Desert, but cli­mate change has made the coun­try’s weather increas­ingly unpre­dictable.

In 2019, Egypt expe­ri­enced a longer and colder win­ter than nor­mal, which delayed the bloom­ing sea­son. Nas­ral­lah par­tially attrib­utes this to the dif­fi­cul­ties that Wadi Food ran into in April.

“We always want a cold win­ter since that starts ver­nal­iza­tion and flow­er­ing,” he said. ​“How­ever, when the cold win­ter stays too long then the flow­er­ing sea­son is delayed and begins when we already have hot weather.

“If there is a heat­wave dur­ing the flow­er­ing, you can lose a lot of the crop and there is noth­ing to be done about it,” Nas­ral­lah added. ​“You can water as much as pos­si­ble, but if tem­per­a­tures stay at 40 or 45°C (105 to 115°F) for three of four days, you can­not do much about the flow­ers.”

Away from the cli­mate, Wadi Food and Egyp­t’s other olive oil pro­duc­ers, faced var­i­ous eco­nomic issues in 2019 caused both by the country’s ongo­ing reces­sion and depressed inter­na­tional olive oil prices.

Of the var­i­ous expenses faced by the com­pany, the three biggest are the cost of irri­ga­tion, fer­til­iz­ers and labor.

“These three costs are affected by the poli­cies that we have in this coun­try,” Nas­ral­lah said. ​“If irri­ga­tion is cost­ing us a lit­tle more because elec­tric­ity is more expen­sive, then we are pay­ing more for our water and our costs increase rapidly.”

“Since we are in the mid­dle of the desert, the soil is very poor and we have to use fer­til­izer, either com­post or chem­i­cal fer­til­iz­ers,” he added. ​“The cost of fer­til­izer is also affected by fuel prices.”

How­ever, the cost of hir­ing labor­ers to har­vest the olives start­ing in mid-Octo­ber had the largest eco­nomic impact on Wadi Food in 2019.

“Dur­ing the har­vest period, Egypt was going through a very dif­fi­cult finan­cial cri­sis – we still are – which caused a cash prob­lem,” Nas­ral­lah said. ​“We could not pay our labor­ers reg­u­larly, so we could not have as many peo­ple har­vest at the right time as we would’ve liked to.”

“Even­tu­ally we did har­vest every­thing, but when the quan­ti­ties were at the best time to har­vest and the qual­ity was at the best point, it was dif­fi­cult for us to man­age,” he added.

Low olive oil prices also led Nas­ral­lah and Wadi Food to divert a larger por­tion of their crop to table olive pro­duc­tion, as the price for table olives was far higher.

Despite these sig­nif­i­cant chal­lenges, the qual­ity of Wadi Food’s extra vir­gin olive oils was as high as ever, some­thing that Nas­ral­lah attrib­utes to the ever-increas­ing cohe­sion of the team as well as the company’s com­plete con­trol of the pro­duc­tion process.

“We have full con­trol of the value chain, so we are plant­ing, treat­ing, har­vest­ing, pro­cess­ing, stor­ing and mix­ing, doing every­thing it takes to make good olive oil,” Nas­ral­lah said. ​“Since we are in con­trol of the whole value chain, we are able to get the best fruits, process them prop­erly, keep the tem­per­a­tures in check and make sure every­thing is done in the best pos­si­ble way to get the best qual­ity olive oil.”

“As a team, we are becom­ing quite capa­ble of under­stand­ing what is needed to pro­duce high-qual­ity olive oil,” he added. ​“On top of that, once we have the oils ready, we have a com­mit­tee that knows what good olive oil tastes like and what oils should be sent to the com­pe­ti­tion. I think we have become quite a good team work­ing together.”

While Nas­ral­lah does not think these awards will have much impact on the brand’s per­for­mance in the domes­tic mar­ket, he said that they may serve as inspi­ra­tion for other Egypt­ian pro­duc­ers and bring more recog­ni­tion to the country’s olive oil sec­tor.

“I am sure other com­peti­tors see these wins and plan on enter­ing the com­pe­ti­tions soon,” Nas­ral­lah said. ​“There are cer­tainly other pro­duc­ers here that can win awards as well.”