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A research team at the Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology has creΒated a groundΒbreakΒing techΒnolΒogy for preΒcise and long-lastΒing inacΒtiΒvaΒtion of plant genes using a sinΒgle spray appliΒcaΒtion.
The findΒings, pubΒlished in Nucleic Acids Research, detail an innoΒvΒaΒtive approach employΒing a benign virus that releases cusΒtom-designed small RNA molΒeΒcules to selecΒtively silence tarΒget genes withΒout alterΒing the planΒtβs genetic makeup.
This feaΒture holds sigΒnifΒiΒcant imporΒtance within the European Union, where regΒuΒlaΒtion around genetΒiΒcally modΒiΒfied organΒisms (GMOs) is strinΒgent. Consequently, the research team has subΒmitΒted a European patent appliΒcaΒtion to safeΒguard this techΒnolΒogy jointly owned by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the Technical University of Valencia.
See Also:Olive Grove Bacteria May Hold Key to Combating XylellaThe techΒnolΒogy hinges on using artiΒfiΒcial microRNAs (amiRNAs) β minusΒcule RNA molΒeΒcules that exhibit DNA-like charΒacΒterΒisΒtics but are sigΒnifΒiΒcantly smaller.
These amiRNAs are meticΒuΒlously designed to ensure high speciΒficity, preΒventΒing uninΒtended gene inacΒtiΒvaΒtion. They are derived from larger preΒcurΒsor molΒeΒcules whose size was optiΒmized using Arabidopsis thaliana, a freΒquently employed herbaΒceous plant in molΒeΒcΒuΒlar biolΒogy and plant genetΒics research.
This method opens up posΒsiΒbilΒiΒties for wideΒspread adopΒtion in the marΒket. It has appliΒcaΒtions in enhancΒing crop proΒducΒtivΒity, shieldΒing plants from disΒeases, and forΒtiΒfyΒing their resilience to enviΒronΒmenΒtal shifts.
The spray, which conΒtains a harmΒless virus, is applied to the tarΒget plant. Once inside the plant, the virus mulΒtiΒplies and disΒcharges the artiΒfiΒcial RNA molΒeΒcules necΒesΒsary for inacΒtiΒvatΒing the desired gene.
βOn the one hand, we have sucΒceeded in conΒsidΒerΒably reducΒing the size of the preΒcurΒsor molΒeΒcules of the artiΒfiΒcial microRNAs withΒout affectΒing their activΒity,β said Alberto Carbonell, a researcher at CSIC.
βOn the other hand, we have proven that we can inacΒtiΒvate plant genes by sprayΒing plant extracts that include innocuΒous viral vecΒtors that proΒduce amiRNAs from minΒiΒmal preΒcurΒsor molΒeΒcules,β he added.
This techΒnolΒogy offers a range of benΒeΒfits. Firstly, a sinΒgle spray appliΒcaΒtion can introΒduce the innocuΒous virus and proΒduce amiRNAs in the tarΒgeted plant tisΒsues, elimΒiΒnatΒing the need for mulΒtiΒple treatΒments and lowΒerΒing appliΒcaΒtion costs.
For instance, researchers demonΒstrated the inacΒtiΒvaΒtion of genes assoΒciΒated with chloroΒphyll biosynΒtheΒsis using a sinΒgle spray, leadΒing to the yelΒlowΒing of affected tisΒsues.
Carbonell said this approach could potenΒtially revΒoΒluΒtionΒize crop agriΒculΒture by selecΒtively inacΒtiΒvatΒing gene expresΒsion, enhancΒing crop yield and bolΒsterΒing their resilience to changΒing enviΒronΒmenΒtal conΒdiΒtions.
Additionally, the techΒnolΒogy could be employed to immuΒnize crops against varΒiΒous pathogens, includΒing viruses.
Silencing speΒcific genes within olive trees can enhance their resisΒtance to Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS), a devΒasΒtatΒing disΒease caused by the bacΒterium Xylella fasΒtidiosa. Researchers have idenΒtiΒfied key genes within olive trees that, when silenced, could bolΒster their abilΒity to fend off OQDS.
Olive trees have defense mechΒaΒnisms, and researchers are explorΒing ways to strengthen these natΒural safeΒguards. By tarΒgetΒing speΒcific genes within the olive trees themΒselves, researchers aim to enhance their resisΒtance to OQDS.
The preΒcise genes idenΒtiΒfied for silencΒing play a vital role in the treeβs interΒacΒtion with Xylella fasΒtidiosa. Some of these genes are involved in the treeβs response to the bacΒterium, influΒencΒing the severΒity of OQDS sympΒtoms. By silencΒing these speΒcific genes, researchers hope to alter the olive treeβs response to Xylella fasΒtidiosa, makΒing it more resisΒtant to the disΒease.
Silencing these genes within the olive tree offers a potenΒtial soluΒtion to comΒbat OQDS while minΒiΒmizΒing the need for broad-specΒtrum pesΒtiΒcides. This approach would not only enhance the treeβs resisΒtance to the disΒease but also conΒtribute to susΒtainΒable and enviΒronΒmenΒtally friendly agriΒculΒtural pracΒtices.
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