May. 20, 2021
Kenaz FilanThe Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) announced the discovery of a 1,200-year-old olive oil soap factory near Rahat, a Bedouin city in southern Israel.
This is the oldest known soap factory in modern-day Israel and one of the world’s earliest examples of solid soap production.
This is the first time that a soap workshop as ancient as this has been discovered, allowing us to recreate the traditional production process of the soap industry.
According to IAA, the factory was found inside the house of a wealthy family. The archaeologists believe that the family’s affluence was derived through the sale of the olive oil soap.
“This is the first time that a soap workshop as ancient as this has been discovered, allowing us to recreate the traditional production process of the soap industry. For this reason, it is quite unique,” said Elena Kogen Zehavi, the IAA excavation director. “We are familiar with important soap-making centers from a much later period – the Ottoman period. These were discovered in Jerusalem, Nablus, Jaffa, and Gaza.”
See Also: Among the Casualties in Aleppo, Ancient Olive Oil SoapOlive pits found at the dig and chemical analyses show that this 9th-century soap factory used olive oil as its base. The olive oil was mixed with ashes from saltwort plants, which are comprised of potash salts and water.
According to the IAA, the resulting mixture was cooked for seven days before being allowed to cool harden for another 10 days. After hardening, the soap was cut into bars and left to dry for an additional two months.
Kogen Zehavi told the Times of Israel that this method of production is still being used by olive oil soap producers in Nablus. The Palestinian city has been a center for olive oil soap production since at least the 10th century.
This process took a while, but once completed, the olive oil soap was easier to ship and sell. Kogen Zehavi added that the soap was a valuable export commodity at the time. From Egypt to Baghdad, wealthy people bought soap as quickly as soap makers could produce it.
The mayor of Rahat, Fahiz Abu Saheeben, added that the discovery of the 9th-century factory further demonstrated the deep “Islamic roots” of the city.
Scholars have long supposed that the 9th century marked a regional downturn in culture and economics. However, the soap factory, among other recent discoveries, suggests a great deal of trade and commerce continued, with much of that trade being in olives and olive oil products.
After the Islamic conquest, wine producers were largely out of work. However, followers of Islam view olives and olive oil favorably and regional production of both increased considerably.
Sometime in the 8th century, Islamic chemists mastered the creation of hard soap. At the time, Europe was using greasy soap lotions made with lard to clean clothes and floors. In place of animal fat, Islamic soap makers used olive oil. These new odorless soaps could also be used for personal hygiene.
Related News
Oct. 13, 2021
Poland and Israel Win Fourth World Championship of Olive Picking in Postira, Croatia
The unique competition, aimed at celebrating local agriculture, had ten teams competing for the title.
Sep. 16, 2021
New Research Reveals Key Role of Olive Oil in Ancient Roman Diets
Using new investigative techniques, researchers from the University of Kent determined that olive oil constituted 20 percent of caloric intake among residents of one Roman city.
Sep. 8, 2021
An Art Exhibition Among the Olive Trees in Umbria
An olive grove in Trevi was transformed into the ideal art exhibition venue, hosting installations that reflect on the pandemic and human nature.
Aug. 12, 2021
People Here Use More Olive Oil than Anywhere Else in The World
Sammarinese consume an average of 22 kilograms of olive oil each year, or about a liter every two weeks.
